Pdf motivated by the need to enhance the kerf quality during cutting of polymethyl methacrylate pmma sheets using pulsed co2 laser beam, this. So keep an open mind, and, as you read our guide, you will. Laser beam cutting lbc laser beam cutting lbc is a thermal cutting process that utilizes highly localized melting or vaporizing to sever metal with the heat from a beam of coherent light, usually with the assistance of a highpressure gas. Laser cutting 03 over the past decade, laser cutting has developed into stateoftheart technology.
Pdf abstract laser cutting is an energy based unconventional process is an advanced machining process. The laser cutting process can be applied to any requirement in which endface angles from 0 to greater than 50 are. Thin carbon fiber mat can be cut, with some fraying but not when coated. Given its dominance in the sheet metal cutting industry, this article focuses on laser fusion cutting. A laser cutter uses a laser to cut computerdesigned parts in flat sheet materials. Laser cutting is a fabrication process which employs a focused, highpowered laser beam to cut material into custom shapes and designs. Laser cutting is energy based unconventional process used to cut complicated shapes of various types of materials. While you may bring your dwg or dxf files to the laser lab to cut, we insist you try to export a pdf first for the overall efficiency of the laser cutting process. Analysis and applications presents a comprehensive understanding of the laser cutting process and its practical applications.
Laser systems for precision cutting of technical films. The laser cutting process and cut quality depend upon the proper selection of laser and workpiece parameters. Illustrator it is easy to generate laser files in adobe illustrator and graphic designers may feel more comfortable generating complex designs in this vector software. Abstract laser cutting is an energy based unconventional process is an advanced machining process.
C02 laser cutting process is done using a gas laser. The laser cutting process involves focusing a laser beam, usually with a lens sometimes with a concave mirror, to a small spot which has sufficient power density to produce a laser cut. A guide to laser cutting and the cnc laser cutting machine. This method comes with its own share of advantages and disadvantages. This technology has become an important part of a manufacturing process. In this machining process metal is removed by melting and vaporization of metal particle from surface of work piece. Process specification for laser marking and laser engraving. Laser cutting of materials of various thicknesses core.
Laser laser beam cutting gas focusing lens gas nozzle workpiece mirror mirror fig. Superpulse a nanosecond pulse format to improve laser drilling pdf. Working principle of the laser beam during laser cutting. This includes examining each diamond for its potential color grade, clarity grade, and cutting style. Never cut these materials cleveland public library. Provided with 2d vector files, laser cutters can cut, engrave, or etch many materials. Principles of a laser cutting system schematic laser cutting 05 continuous wave cw or pulsed laser operations the highest cutting speeds can be obtained at high power levels in cwmode operation. Mar 30, 2017 today we will learn about laser beam machining principle, working, equipments, application, advantages and disadvantages with its diagram. If there are any paths that you dont want to cut or engrave, remove them.
In the process of processing, the material is formed into a pit in the center after the continuous laser irradiation. Laser cuttingengraving on the epilog zing laser save your file select file save as. Sheet metal cutting with fiber lasers swissphotonics. What is the laser cutting process metal laser cutting machine. The process cuts at high speed compared to other profiling methods. Punch, plasma, abrasive waterjet, ultrasonic, oxyflame, sawing and milling can be automated 80% industrial lasers in japan are used for metal cutting 7. Pdf effect of process parameters on laser cutting process. Laser cutting is a technology that uses a laser to slice materials. Laser cutting can cut through a wide range of different materials, these can range from acrylic, wood, paper and foam core to high carbon and stainless steels, laser cutting is not best suited to metals such as aluminium and copper alloys as they have good heat conductive and light reflective properties, these materials require the use of a.
During this process, the laser beam melts the material and also creates a deep steam capillary also called keyhole with approximately 1. This involves firing a laser which cuts by melting, burning or vaporizing your material. Sheet metal laser cutting 7 common problems and solutions. The laser cutting process uses a focused laser beam and assist gas to sever metallic plate with high accuracy and exceptional process reliability.
This is the frequency of light t he laser cutter uses to cut materials, so it is very ineffective at cutting polycarbonate. A laser cutter is a prototyping and manufacturing tool used primarily by engineers, designers, and artists to cut and etch into flat material. The same machine will cut 5mm thick acrylic sheet at 12mmin1. Oct 26, 2012 produced on class d cres materials as a result of the laser marking laser engraving process. The materials that the laser can cut materials like wood, paper, cork, and some kinds of plastics. The massive cutting bed can handle stainless steel sheet and plate up to x 60 in size. Cutting of sheet metal and plates of wood or plastics is an important process, because many.
Etching can be done on almost anything, wood, cardboard, aluminum, stainless steel, plastic, marble, stone, tile, and glass. In the laser cutting process an assisting gas is used either to protect the surface from hightemperature exothermic oxidation reactions, such as argon, or to produce an exothermic reaction, such as oxygen. This guide to laser cutting was written by alice jacobs who runs flux laser studio in glasgow. When including lowpower applications, such as plastics cutting and paper cutting, the numbers are even higher. Laser marking laser engraving may be performed on class c i. Laser cutting stainless plate and sheet penn stainless. Although mechanical cutting has made significant advancements in recent years, laser cutting remains the more flexible processes. A cnc laser cutting machine cutting designs into a metal sheet. In august 1969, three employees from the boeing company produced a paper on the co2 laser cuttingof hard materials titanium.
For example a 1500w co 2 laser will cut 2mm thick mild steel at 7. Laser beam machining is a thermal machining process which uses laser beam to produce heat. The lens is defined by its focal length, which is the distance from the lens to the focused spot. Continuous wave cw means that the laser power output is constant, without. The objective of this paper is to provide a state of the art in the field of laser cutting process. Penn stainless products utilizes a tanaka lmx vii 6kw platelaser cutting machine for all inhouse stainless steel plate and sheet laser processing. The two most common types of laser cutting machines are fiber laser and co 2 co 2 lasers use an electromagnetically stimulated gastypically, a mixture. The principle advantage of mechanical cutting is volume. Today, as it has for decades, gem diamond manufacturing involves the following basic steps.
The intensity of the laser radiation is around 1 mw per square centimeter. See the material guide for maximum material sizing and allowable materials. Laser cutting involves the use of a laser beam to cut materials like wood, plastic, metal, rubber, etc. This steam capillary created by the laser welding process is surrounded by the melt. Process response the cut can have a very narrow kerf width giving a substantial saving in material. Convert pdf drawing to dxf file for laser cutter rc groups. Then the working airflow with the laser beam will quickly remove the molten material to form a hole. In 1979, the italian company prima industrie invented the first 3d lasercutting process with a 5 axes rotation system. In this case, laser output and cutting speed were the parameters with most influence on the final cut. Laser cutting is a precise method of cutting a design from a given material using a cad file to guide it. Professorbekir sami yilbas, in laser heating applications, 2012. Laser cutting is a highly accurate process, thanks to this high level of control that you are offered. The objective of this paper is to investigate the effect of parameters associated. Laser cutters use a thin, focused laser beam to pierce and cut through materials to cut out patterns and.
How the laser cutting process works spi lasers overview. Laser cutting works by directing the output of a highpower laser most commonly through optics. Principles of a laser cutting system schematic laser cutting 05 continuous wave cw or pulsed laser operations the highest cutting speeds can be obtained at high power levels. On mild steel, stainless steel, and aluminum plate, the laser cutting process is highly accurate, yields excellent cut quality, has a very small kerf width and small heat affect zone, and makes it possible to cut very intricate shapes and small holes. Laser cutting indian institute of technology bombay. Laser cutting is the process of precisely cutting or engraving a material using focused highpowered laser beam, directed by cnc computer numerically controlled machine from a cad vector file. The z plot is set by the person doing the laser cutting for the depth of focal point cutting of the parts and the laser etching of the wood parts numbering. This process uses thermal energy to remove material from metallic or nonmetallic sur. While typically used for industrial manufacturing applications, it is also starting to be used by schools, small businesses, and hobbyists. The book includes modeling, such as thermal and stress analysis, along with lamp parameter analysis for kerf width predictions and their practical applications, such as laser cutting of metallic and nonmetallic materials and assessment of. The laser beam is generated by a resonator, and delivered through the cutting nozzle via a system of mirrors. If youd like to learn more about ablative laser cutting, check out this article on micronscale manufacturing fiber lasers vs co 2.
Laser cutting process an overview sciencedirect topics. Cutting laser cutting is able to cut faster and with a higher quality then competing processes. Kerf is the width of the cut opening the cut edges can be square and not rounded as with most hot jet processes or other thermal cutting techniques. The laser is immediately ready for use when powering on the machine and consumes no energy when it is in standby. Laser beam machining lbm is a non conventional machining manufacturing process, a form of machining, in which a laser is directed towards the work piece for machining.
The laser cutters in room 36 are 60w co2 lasers that blast through the workpiece and send the vaporized particles through a filtration system. It is estimated that more than 40,000 cutting systems are used for the highpower cutting of metals and nonmetals worldwide. We look at the cnc laser cutting machine, including process and machine components. This process is suitable for a wide range of materials, including metal, plastic, wood, gemstone, glass, and paper, and can produce precise. This mimics how the laser cutter will view and process your file. When laser cutting surfaces such as wood for a kit you only use the x,y plot for the conversion.
1203 311 27 931 480 838 444 393 63 1102 871 1508 630 313 1414 1343 1 1391 125 1125 870 725 1349 1252 815 499 168 176 14 629